璃鋼貯罐設計靈活其機械性能隨工作溫度的升高而降低

璃鋼貯罐設計靈活其機械性能隨(sui)工作溫度的升高而降低

一、璃鋼貯罐設計靈活

由于玻璃鋼貯罐設計靈活性大，罐壁結構性能優異，纖維纏繞玻璃鋼可以改變樹脂系統或增強材料來高速玻璃鋼貯罐及非標裝置的物理化學性能，以適應不同介質和工作條件的需要。所以，它是很受歡迎的一款產品。它的 使用非常的方便，而且功能也非常的多。它采用的是最先近的柜里面的背后排冷風的，這樣的排冷風會讓柜里的每一處都冷氣均勻的,我國有90%以上的FRP產品是手糊法生產的，其他有模壓法、纏繞法、層壓法等。日本的手糊法仍占50%。從世界各國來看，手糊法仍占相當比重，說明它仍有生命力。手糊法的特點是用濕態樹脂成型，設備簡單，費用少，一次能糊10m以上的整體產品。缺點是機械化程度低，生產周期長，質量不穩定。我國從國外引進了擠拉、噴涂、纏繞等工藝設備，隨著FRP工業的發展，新的工藝方法將會不斷出現。

河北華強科技開發有限公司玻璃鋼儲罐施工現場圖：

    值得注意的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)人們常(chang)常(chang)有(you)一(yi)種誤解，認為(wei)資料(liao)(liao)中所列(lie)舉的(de)(de)強度(du)數據(ju)就是(shi)(shi)實際構件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)強度(du)數據(ju)。其實這兩者(zhe)截然(ran)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，差異(yi)較大。例如手糊聚酯玻璃鋼板，小(xiao)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)抗(kang)伸強度(du)可達200-250MPa，而(er)在同(tong)(tong)樣(yang)原(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)3m*9m的(de)(de)大型構件(jian)(jian)上取下一(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)試(shi)樣(yang)，它的(de)(de)抗(kang)伸強度(du)只有(you)100MPa。這是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)兩者(zhe)的(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)操(cao)作條件(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，大塊(kuai)(kuai)板工藝條件(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)如小(xiao)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)那樣(yang)理想。因此，在采用各類(lei)資料(liao)(liao)、書籍(ji)所給出(chu)的(de)(de)強度(du)數據(ju)時，一(yi)定(ding)要注意你所設(she)計的(de)(de)構件(jian)(jian)工藝制(zhi)造(zao)條件(jian)(jian)和一(yi)般小(xiao)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)之間的(de)(de)差異(yi)，否則(ze)將會出(chu)現問題。

    此外，還(huan)要(yao)注意玻璃(li)鋼/復合材料層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)強(qiang)度(du)和(he)彈(dan)性(xing)模量低的特點。層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)是薄弱環節，因為層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)沒有增強(qiang)纖(xian)維，所以它的層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)剪切和(he)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)抗伸強(qiang)度(du)都(dou)較低，充其量也只是樹脂本(ben)身的強(qiang)度(du)。這個特點告誡人們在設計(ji)和(he)制造(zao)玻璃(li)鋼制品時(shi)，除工藝(yi)制造(zao)時(shi)盡量使布層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)粘牢外，設計(ji)上應(ying)使層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)應(ying)力降到最低，防止層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)破(po)壞情況出現(xian)。例如(ru)， 306#聚酯玻璃(li)鋼的層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)剪切強(qiang)度(du)只有8.9-26MPa層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)抗伸強(qiang)度(du)還(huan)要(yao)低些。

    玻(bo)璃(li)鋼的彈性(xing)模量(liang)(liang)比木(mu)材大(da)2倍，但比一(yi)般結(jie)構鋼小(xiao)10倍。因此(ci)，在玻(bo)璃(li)鋼結(jie)構中(zhong)，常感(gan)剛性(xing)不足，會出(chu)現較大(da)的變(bian)形。為了改(gai)善(shan)這一(yi)缺(que)點，可采用夾層(ceng)結(jie)構，亦可通過應用高(gao)模量(liang)(liang)纖(xian)維或中(zhong)空(kong)纖(xian)維等來解決。

二、玻璃鋼(gang)貯(zhu)罐(guan)的機械性能隨(sui)工(gong)作溫度的升高而降低

 零下10°至800°玻璃鋼罐的工(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)度與(yu)其使(shi)用的樹脂種類與(yu)固化劑(ji)及固化條件有(you)關(guan)。玻(bo)璃鋼貯罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)性能隨工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)而降低(di)(di)。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取值(zhi)，各(ge)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)不(bu)一致。日(ri)本標(biao)準(zhun)為800C;美國(guo)(guo)“ASTM”為82°;英國(guo)(guo)“BS'，為110°;"ASME”設計溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為650°(壓力容器);國(guo)(guo)內《玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)/聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)復(fu)合管和(he)管件》規定(ding)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為80°, 參照(zhao)國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)標(biao)準(zhun)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)限(xian)取200°，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)應選用不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)脂。對于玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)儲(chu)罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下限(xian)值(zhi)，國(guo)(guo)內對此(ci)沒有規定(ding)。國(guo)(guo)外(wai)日(ri)本標(biao)準(zhun),AD標(biao)準(zhun)、ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)等對此(ci)也(ye)未作(zuo)規定(ding)，僅BS標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為零(ling)下30°。考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)原材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，再加(jia)之國(guo)(guo)內手(shou)糊玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)制造(zao)廠家很多(duo)，所用原材料在技術指(zhi)標(biao)上(shang)、配方上(shang)沒有統(tong)一標(biao)準(zhun)，成(cheng)型后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)儲(chu)罐在質(zhi)量上(shang)差(cha)異很大(da)，所以，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下限(xian)暫定(ding)為零(ling)下100°。但用戶可以根據當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)使(shi)用經驗和(he)制造(zao)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)水(shui)平確定(ding)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)儲(chu)罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)儲(chu)罐壁(bi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)僅受內存介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，同(tong)時也(ye)受安裝地區環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)儲(chu)罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)除考(kao)慮(lv)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)操作(zuo)條(tiao)件等因素外(wai)，尚應考(kao)慮(lv)環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。若(ruo)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)(gang)儲(chu)罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)由大(da)氣(qi)環境氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)條(tiao)件所確定(ding)，其最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可按該地區氣(qi)象(xiang)資料，取歷年來月平均(jun)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)值(zhi)。

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